Immune Cells During Disuse and Recovery

Inclusion Criteria

• Age between 18-35 and 60-85 yrs
• Ability to sign informed consent
• Free-living, prior to admission

Exclusion Criteria

• History of cardiovascular disease (e.g., CHF, CAD, right-to-left shunt)
• History of endocrine or metabolic disease such as hypo/hyperthyroidism and diabetes
• History of kidney disease or failure
• Vascular disease
• Risk of DVT including family history of thrombophilia, DVT, pulmonary emboli, myeloproliferative diseases including polycythemia (Hb>18 g/dL) or thrombocytosis (platelets>400x103/mL), and connective tissue diseases (positive lupus anticoagulant), hyperhomocystinemia, deficiencies of factor V Leiden, proteins S and C, and antithrombine III
• Use of anticoagulant therapy (e.g., Coumadin, heparin)
• Elevated systolic pressure >150 or a diastolic blood pressure > 100
• Implanted electronic devices (e.g., pacemakers, electronic infusion pumps, stimulators)
• Cancer or history of successfully treated cancer (less than 1 year) other than basal cell carcinoma
• Currently on a weight-loss diet
• Chronic systemic corticosteroid use (≥ 2 weeks) within 4 weeks of enrollment and for study duration (intra-articular/topical/inhaled therapeutic or physiologic doses of corticosteroids are permitted)
• Androgens or growth hormone within 6 months of enrollment and for study duration (topical physiologic androgen replacement is permitted)
• History of stroke with motor disability
• A recent history (\<12 months) of GI bleed
• History of liver disease
• History of respiratory disease (acute upper respiratory infection, history of chronic lung disease)
• Pregnancy as determined by a pregnancy test
• Any staff members who report directly to an investigator or who report to someone who reports directly to an investigator.
• Any other condition or event considered exclusionary by the PI and faculty physician