Effects of Energy Drinks on Cardiovascular Endpoints

Inclusion Criteria

• Healthy male or female adults 18-40 years of age
• Female participants of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at the baseline visit
• Participants must be willing to refrain from caffeine and alcohol use 72 hours prior to sessions on study days
• Participants must be willing and able to: (1.) Consume up to 1 liter of fluid within a 30-minute period per visit (2.) Swallow a single large capsule per visit
• Participants must be willing to fast 10 hours prior to sessions on study days (only water is allowed during the fasting and active study period)
• Participants must have active health insurance throughout the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria

• Have a corrected QT (QTc) interval greater than 450 milliseconds (ms) for males or greater than 470 milliseconds (ms) for females, determined during the baseline visit
• Presence of any known medical condition, confirmed through participant interview. Examples of these include but not limited to: Dyslipidemia, Thyroid disease, Diabetes, Recurrent headache, Any psychiatric condition or neurological disorder, History of alcohol or drug abuse, Past diagnosis or history of renal insufficiencies, Hepatic dysfunction, Electrolyte imbalances requiring hospitalization
• Presence of any known heart/cardiac diseases or conditions such as: Atrial Fibrillation, History of stroke or heart attack, Hypertension, Heart Failure, Vascular Disease, Family history/Active Long QT Syndrome, Coronary artery disease, Cardiomyopathy, Valvular heart disease, Ventricular arrhythmia, Congenital heart defect, Pericardial disease, Myocarditis
• Study physician recommendation for participant to not be enrolled.
• Are underweight (BMI\<18.5 kg/m2, CDC 2024), have poor eating habits resulting in poor weight control, or have any factors that will put the participant at risk from fasting.
• Have any contraindications to the use of moxifloxacin, including a past medical history of myasthenia gravis, QT prolongation, or hypersensitivities and allergic reactions to moxifloxacin or any other fluoroquinolone antibiotics
• Pre-existing risk to tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, or central nervous system side effects
• Concurrent use of ANY medication taken daily including herbal products or supplements (daily basis is defined as greater than 2 days per week)
• Self-reported allergy to taurine
• Self-reported allergy to nuts (peanuts, pecans, cashews, etc.)
• Self-reported allergic reaction to the adhesive pads (electrodes, continuous glucose monitors, etc.)
• Fear of needle puncture
• Smokers using cigarettes, vaporized nicotine, or marijuana products currently or within the past month
• Current usage of any nicotine or tobacco products including but not limited to intranasal, sublingual, oral, or transdermal dosage forms
• Currently pregnant or breastfeeding
• Have a positive pregnancy test during the baseline visit
• Are currently enrolled in any other clinical study or have participated in another study within the last 30 days
• Non-English speaking/reading individuals will be excluded due to the unavailability of medically qualified translators throughout all study procedures
• If the candidate does not sign the informed consent document