Validation of Nanosensor Oxygen Measurement

Inclusion Criteria

• Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Controls

• Males and females, between the ages of 18 and 65 years, inclusive
• Provide informed consent for study participation; able to understand and complete the protocol
• Able to ambulate independently
• Able to perform bicycle ergometry

Inclusion Criteria for Mitochondrial Myopathy (MM) Cases

• Males and females, between the ages of 18 and 65 years, inclusive
• Provide informed consent for study participation; able to understand and complete the protocol
• Genetically-confirmed MM as defined by a diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) with predominant symptoms of myopathy as expressed by exercise intolerance and muscle weakness and fatigue.
• Previously enrolled (or will enroll) in Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Institutional Review Board (IRB) study #08-006177 (Falk, PI) or CHOP IRB #16-013364 (Zolkipli, PI)
• Able to ambulate independently
• Able to perform bicycle ergometry

Exclusion Criteria

Subjects will be excluded if any of the following apply:

• Unable to provide informed consent and complete all study procedures, including ergometry
• Non-ambulatory or unable to ambulate independently
• Pregnant
• Within 1 month of a recent hospital admission due to acute illness
• Have severe cardiac disease as defined by an ejection fraction of less than 35% and New York Heart Association Functional Classification Class III; or severe pulmonary disease as defined by the need for supplemental O2 therapy or daytime ventilatory support
• Have a tracheostomy
• Have a known bleeding disorder and/or family history (first-degree relative) with a known bleeding disorder
• Daily intake of aspirin or any other anti-platelet therapy which cannot be temporarily discontinued for medical reasons
• a) Have known or suspected congenital or acquired immune deficiency; b) concurrent use of immunosuppressive drugs, including corticosteroids; c) past history of recurrent (more than 6 times per year) severe (required hospitalization) skin or soft tissue infections; d) history of infection or delayed wound healing after surgery or biopsy; e) known history of neutropenia with absolute neutrophil count less than 500/mm3
• Undergo chronic steroid treatment as defined by daily oral intake (for more than 1 month) or have existing untreated endocrinopathies, such as hypothyroidism that caused acquired myopathy
• Prone to hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Have any other known inherited myopathy, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy or congenital myopathy
• Known allergy to lidocaine
• Have a cognitive impairment that may prevent the ability to complete study procedures
• Unable to comply with the requirements of the study protocol and/or unsuitable for the study for any reason, in the opinion of the principal investigator
• Individuals from vulnerable populations (e.g., prisoners/detainees)
• Participants who are unable to speak and/or read English (as participants will be required to be proficient to complete study procedures)
• Employed by the U.S. Department of Defense, including U.S. military personnel