Blood Flow Restriction Training as a Targeted Intervention for Rowers With Back Pain.

Inclusion Criteria

• Aged 13-20 years old
• Currently active rower (training ≥3 days/week or 12 hours/week)
• Mild LBP with a low reactivity (\<3/10) or recurring LBP within the past 18 months that has affected attendance to team practices/races.
• Able to complete a 2,000-meter rowing erg test

Exclusion Criteria

• Have severe or acute back pain that limits basic movement or requires medical treatment
• History of spinal surgery or structural spine conditions (scoliosis requiring bracing/surgery)
• Have a contraindication to BFR training, identified via BFR safety screening form:
• Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
• History of vascular surgery in arms or legs
• Skin grafts on arms or legs
• Arteriovenous fistula in limbs
• Cognitive or physical impairment that limits participation
• Hypertension or high blood pressure (uncontrolled or undiagnosed)
• Bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia)
• Blood clotting disorders (e.g., lupus, factor-V Leiden)
• Past history of DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE)
• Surgery in the past 12 weeks
• Recent limb immobilization (e.g., cast, boot) in the last 4 weeks
• History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• History of cancer
• Diagnosed heart disease
• History of rhabdomyolysis
• Diagnosed diabetes
• Sickle cell disease
• History of compartment syndrome
• History of nerve damage or injury
• Any prior complications or adverse reactions to BFR training
• Any other medical conditions that should be cleared by a physician before starting BFR
• Pregnancy(Self-reported)